Treatments for Osteoarthritis: Exploring Prescription Drugs, Home Therapies, and Additional Options
In the battle against osteoarthritis, a common degenerative joint disease, a combination of medications and lifestyle changes can provide relief and improve joint function.
An occupational therapist can recommend assistive devices and ways to ease stress on the joints during daily tasks. A doctor may refer a person to an occupational therapist for help with daily routine adaptations.
When it comes to pharmacological treatments, the main types of medications for osteoarthritis include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen (paracetamol), and corticosteroids. Each class works differently to relieve symptoms and improve joint function.
NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, and meloxicam, reduce pain and inflammation by inhibiting enzymes involved in producing prostaglandins, chemicals that cause inflammation and pain. They are available as oral pills and topical gels.
Acetaminophen, primarily used for pain relief, works centrally in the brain to reduce pain perception and is often recommended as a first-line or adjunct treatment.
Corticosteroids, like prednisone and triamcinolone, can be taken orally or injected directly into the joint to reduce inflammation rapidly. They mimic naturally occurring steroids in the body that suppress the immune response and inflammation.
Other medications sometimes used for osteoarthritis symptoms include topical analgesics and, less commonly, opioids or disease-modifying drugs. However, NSAIDs, acetaminophen, and corticosteroids remain the primary pharmacological treatments.
Maintaining a moderate weight can also relieve stress on joints affected by osteoarthritis, easing pain, increasing mobility, and reducing the risk of injury. Gentle exercise, such as weightlifting, swimming, or cycling, can help manage osteoarthritis.
Tips to reduce the risk of osteoarthritis or slow down its progression include maintaining a moderate weight, getting regular exercise, managing blood sugar, and protecting the joints during physical activity or manual work. Range-of-movement exercises, which involve bending and stretching the joints, can also help.
It is best for a person to contact a doctor for advice before beginning a new exercise plan or discussing concerns about osteoarthritis. In some cases, an osteotomy procedure or joint replacement surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on a joint. A doctor will be able to advise on whether and when they recommend surgery for a person with osteoarthritis.
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