Unmasking Ketamine: A Rising yet Dangerous Party Drug
Ketamine is seeing more prevalence in drug use scenarios.
In today's social sphere, the once anesthetic Ketamine has gained notorious popularity, particularly among party-goers and celebrities. But, is this substance as harmless as it seems? Let's delve into the nitty-gritty of Ketamine use, its roots, effects, and potential dangers.
Matthew Perry, the famous "Friends" star, and tech tycoon Elon Musk, among others, have fueled discussions around Ketamine. This drug, easily available at a relatively low cost and boasting a unique effect, has been increasingly circulating in social circles. A study in Berlin revealed that it was the fourth most commonly used club drug half a decade ago. Its popularity has since grown significantly, according to Felix Betzler of the Charité in Berlin.
What fuels the Ketamine craze? According to Betzler, a psychiatrist and psychotherapist, the easy availability, low cost, and distinctive effect contributed to its appeal. The substance's portrayal in pop culture further intensifies its allure. For instance, in songs like "Special K" by Placebo, "Space Kitten" by The Polish Ambassador, and "Get Ready for the K-Hole!" by Kissy Sell Out.
Celebrities like Musk have also endorsed Ketamine, claiming it helps escape psychological pits. In an interview in 2024, he admitted to taking a small amount of Ketamine about every two weeks. However, following a critical media report, he later stated that he had ceased using the substance.
Interestingly, Ketamine is being tested in numerous clinical studies for its potential in treating depression. Esketamine, a Ketamine derivative, is already approved in the EU and the USA as a nasal spray for the emergency treatment of therapy-resistant depression. The perception of Ketamine as a safe medication might further boost its widespread use, adds Betzler.
The Origin Story of Ketamine
First synthesized in 1962 in the USA in search of a new anesthetic, Ketamine was tested on American soldiers during the Vietnam War. Established in human and veterinary medicine, Ketamine's side effects such as hallucinations and near-death experiences limit its current use as an anesthetic. However, rescue services use it as a painkiller.
Illicitly, Ketamine has been a party drug for decades. Known as "Special K" or "K," this substance is usually consumed as a white powder and provides euphoric and dissociative effects, especially at high doses. Ketamine's ability to significantly alter perception of the environment, induce feelings of detachment, or a "K-Hole," makes it an attractive party drug.
The Untold Dangers of Ketamine
Expert warnings abound regarding the underestimation of the dangers associated with Ketamine. The established medical use of the substance often reduces the awareness of its potential problems, shares Betzler. In a British study, many users who developed Ketamine use disorders only became aware of the addiction risk after their consumption spiraled out of control.
Ketamine is primarily consumed occasionally for leisure or at parties, explains Ingo Schäfer, director of the Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research at the University of Hamburg. Unlike heroin or fentanyl, Ketamine does not cause physical dependence, but its psychological desire can be immense, often serving as an escape from distressing feelings, Schäfer adds.
Because Ketamine is also used in the context of guided therapies, many individuals use it for self-medicating psychological issues, says Betzler. "It's increasingly creeping into everyday life because it reduces fears, for example. Often, this leads to dependence."
Schäfer advises individuals wondering about Ketamine's therapeutic potential to absolutely seek professional guidance and refrain from experimental use. "Experimenting with psychedelics is never a good idea."
Ketamine: Not Just a Party Drug
Ketamine addiction is linked to a high degree of physical health problems and psychological consequences. A study by the team around Celia Morgan from the University of Exeter revealed that users consumed an average of two grams of Ketamine daily and experienced bladder or nasal problems in 60% of cases, while many reported abdominal cramps. The so-called "Ketamine bladder," which can develop after just a few weeks of heavy consumption, poses the risk of bladder removal and permanent damage.
Long-term use is associated with cognitive impairments like concentration and memory disorders, severe depression, and even the triggering of psychoses, particularly in those with a predisposition.
In a state of intoxication, the drug can lead to impulsive behavior, reduced judgment, and increased risk-taking, potentially causing aggressive confrontations or accidents. Particular concern arises from mixed consumption with other drugs, as it can result in life-threatening conditions such as respiratory arrest or loss of consciousness due to the drug's impact on the respiratory center.
The Bottom Line
While Ketamine may be used safely in clinical settings under medical supervision, recreational use carries significant risks, especially among younger users, and can lead to severe health and psychological consequences. Education is essential to raise public awareness of the risks associated with Ketamine use, especially among young users, whose brain development is not yet complete. From bladder issues to cognitive impairments, the risks of Ketamine are much more than just a dance floor indulgence.
The European Union recognizes the potential of Ketamine in treating medical-conditions, such as therapy-resistant depression, as Esketamine, a Ketamine derivative, is approved for emergency treatment of such cases. However, the Health-and-wellness implications of Ketamine extend beyond clinical settings, as its recreational use can lead to various health-and-wellness issues, including mental-health concerns like bladder problems, cognitive impairments, and severe depression.
