Images depicting early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue
In the world of healthcare, early detection and prompt treatment are crucial, and this is particularly true for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue. This second most common type of skin cancer, often linked to factors such as damage, smoking, alcohol use, chewing tobacco, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, can be treated effectively if caught early.
Symptoms
If you notice a persistent sore or ulcer on your tongue that doesn't heal within 2-3 weeks, red or white patches (erythroplakia or leukoplakia), a pain or burning sensation, lumps or thickening, difficulty moving the tongue or speaking, numbness, or even ear pain on the affected side, it's essential to seek medical advice promptly [1][3][5].
Treatments
For stage 1 SCC of the tongue, the primary treatment is usually surgical removal of the tumor, often with tongue-conserving surgery to preserve as much function as possible. In some cases, this may be combined with induction chemotherapy and risk-adapted adjuvant therapy, depending on risk factors [2]. The goal is to completely excise the cancer with clear margins, minimizing impact on speech and swallowing.
Prognosis
The prognosis for stage 1 SCC of the tongue is generally favourable, with high survival rates if diagnosed early and treated promptly. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to preventing progression, local invasion, or metastasis. Outcomes are significantly better in stage 1 compared to more advanced stages [5].
Diagnosis and Assessment
A clinical examination forms the basis of diagnosis, but further tests, such as a biopsy, laryngoscopy, ultrasound, CT, and PET scans, may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the size, depth, and spread of the cancer [1][3][5].
Advanced Treatments
In some cases, radiation therapy may be used in addition to surgery or as an alternative for some individuals. This treatment directs a beam of radiation at a tumor or surrounding tissues to destroy cancer cells [4].
Surgical Procedures
A common surgical procedure for tongue cancer is a partial glossectomy. Following the surgery, a skin graft may be used to close the tongue [6].
Conclusion
Stage 1 SCC of the tongue, if detected early, is a curable form of cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of 84% for localized tongue cancer [7]. Medical advice recommends seeking help if any symptoms persist beyond two weeks, enabling earlier diagnosis and effective treatment [1][3][5].
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