Hyperthyroidism and PCOS Connection: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Additional Information
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Hyperthyroidism: A Complex Connection
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and hyperthyroidism are two endocrine disorders that can coexist, although they are caused by different mechanisms. While PCOS primarily involves ovarian hormone imbalance and insulin resistance, hyperthyroidism affects metabolism through excessive thyroid hormone production.
The Link Between PCOS and Thyroid Dysfunction
The relationship between PCOS and thyroid dysfunction is an area of ongoing research, with more focus traditionally on hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) rather than hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid). However, thyroid dysfunction, including hyperthyroidism, can influence symptoms in people with PCOS due to the thyroid hormones' role in regulating metabolism and overall hormonal balance [1][3].
Common Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism in People with PCOS
The symptoms of hyperthyroidism in people with PCOS can overlap with general hyperthyroidism symptoms and include:
- Unintentional weight loss (contrasting PCOS-related weight gain)
- Anxiety and nervousness
- Increased sweating
- Frequent bowel movements or diarrhea
- Difficulty sleeping (insomnia)
- Muscle weakness
- Possible menstrual irregularities, which can worsen PCOS symptoms [4][5]
Because PCOS and thyroid diseases can share symptoms such as menstrual disturbances and hormonal imbalances, it's crucial for individuals with PCOS to be tested for thyroid function to identify underlying thyroid issues, including hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism [1]. Treating thyroid conditions appropriately may improve the hormonal profiles and symptoms associated with PCOS.
Hyperthyroidism and PCOS: A Potential Risk Factor
Although PCOS does not directly cause hyperthyroidism, some evidence suggests that PCOS may increase the risk of developing thyroid disorders [2]. Hormonal imbalances in people with PCOS, characterized by higher levels of androgens, may contribute to this increased risk [6].
Diagnosing PCOS and Hyperthyroidism
In diagnosing PCOS, a doctor may perform a physical exam and ask about a person's symptoms and menstrual cycles. An ultrasound scan can help check the ovaries for cysts. Blood tests can also be used to check a person's hormone and insulin levels [7].
In diagnosing hyperthyroidism, a doctor may examine the thyroid gland for enlargement or tenderness and check for physical symptoms such as an elevated heart rate and excess sweating. Blood tests can measure levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone in a person's blood. Imaging tests such as ultrasounds and thyroid scans can highlight abnormalities in the thyroid gland [8].
Treatment Options for Hyperthyroidism
Treatment options for hyperthyroidism include medication, lifestyle changes, and, in rare cases, surgery to remove the thyroid gland. The specific treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the hyperthyroidism, the severity of the symptoms, and the patient's overall health [9].
PCOS and Hyperthyroidism: A Complex Relationship
While PCOS and hyperthyroidism are separate conditions, their shared symptoms and potential connection make it essential for individuals with PCOS to be aware of the risks and to discuss their concerns with their healthcare provider. If a person with PCOS develops symptoms of hyperthyroidism, they should contact a doctor for further evaluation and treatment.
[1] Mayo Clinic. (2021). Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). [online] Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polycystic-ovary-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20353495
[2] American Thyroid Association. (2020). Hypothyroidism and PCOS. [online] Available at: https://www.thyroid.org/patients/womens-health/pcos/
[3] UpToDate. (2021). Evaluation of the patient with suspected hyperthyroidism. [online] Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-the-patient-with-suspected-hyperthyroidism
[4] American Thyroid Association. (2020). Hyperthyroidism. [online] Available at: https://www.thyroid.org/patients/diseases/hyperthyroidism/
[5] Mayo Clinic. (2021). Hyperthyroidism. [online] Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyperthyroidism/symptoms-causes/syc-20353505
[6] American Thyroid Association. (2020). PCOS and thyroid dysfunction. [online] Available at: https://www.thyroid.org/patients/womens-health/pcos/
[7] Mayo Clinic. (2021). Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Diagnosis and treatment. [online] Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/polycystic-ovary-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353496
[8] UpToDate. (2021). Evaluation of the patient with suspected hyperthyroidism. [online] Available at: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/evaluation-of-the-patient-with-suspected-hyperthyroidism
[9] American Thyroid Association. (2020). Hyperthyroidism. [online] Available at: https://www.thyroid.org/patients/diseases/hyperthyroidism/
[10] Graves' disease. (2021). [online] Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/graves-disease/
- Science has begun to explore the connection between chronic diseases like PCOS and autoimmune disorders, such as Graves' disease, which can lead to hyperthyroidism.
- Researchers are increasingly interested in the intersection of mental health and medical conditions, specifically how undiagnosed thyroid dysfunctions like hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism can contribute to mood disorders.
- Women's health encompasses various aspects, including hormonal imbalances like those found in PCOS and thyroid disorders, which can impact reproductive health, skin conditions, and overall wellbeing.
- Fitness and exercise play a crucial role in managing chronic diseases, such as PCOS and hyperthyroidism, by promoting weight maintenance, improving heart health, and supporting digestive, respiratory, and eye health.
- Cardiovascular health is a primary concern for individuals with PCOS, as they are at increased risk for heart disease due to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and potential thyroid dysfunction.
- Neurological disorders like Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson's disease can occasionally be associated with autoimmune disorders and thyroid dysfunction, putting women with PCOS at a higher risk.
- Skin-care routines should consider the impact of hormonal imbalances like those in PCOS and thyroid disorders on skin health, as excessive sweating and oil production may lead to breakouts and irritation.
- Mens' health involves various aspects, including prostate health, testosterone levels, and the potential increased risk for thyroid disorders due to hormonal imbalances similar to PCOS.
- Health and wellness go beyond exercise and diet; it includes managing chronic diseases like PCOS, hyperthyroidism, and various mental health issues to achieve overall wellbeing and a better quality of life.
