guide for visual self-examination of breasts for early detection of breast cancer
In the pursuit of early detection and better understanding of breast health, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends monthly breast self-awareness exams. This approach, rather than formal breast self-exams, is encouraged due to the potential for false positives or negatives with structured exams [1].
The recommended steps for this breast self-awareness exam involve a visual examination, physical exams while standing and lying down, and an examination of the lymph nodes.
**Visual Examination:** Stand in front of a mirror and observe both breasts for any changes in size, shape, skin texture, nipple position, or any visible lumps or dimpling. Look with your arms relaxed at your sides, then with your arms raised.
**Physical Examination While Standing:** Using the pads of your fingers, gently press around the entire breast, including the underarm and wider chest area extending to the collarbone, breastbone, and upper abdomen. This exam can be done in the shower since wet skin may make it easier to feel changes.
**Physical Examination While Lying Down:** Lie down and use the same finger pads to feel your breasts thoroughly, as breast tissue spreads evenly along the chest wall in this position.
Throughout all steps, pay close attention not only to the breasts but also to the surrounding areas such as the underarms and the wider chest region [1].
The goal is not to replace professional screening but to be familiar with your own breast tissue so you can notice any irregularities and seek medical evaluation promptly.
It's essential to be aware of various changes that might indicate breast cancer. These include lumps or thickenings in the breast tissue or underarm, changes in skin colour, dimpling or puckering of the skin, or enlarged pores. Additionally, look out for tenderness or pain, discharge that could be clear, milky, or yellow or contain blood, and changes in nipple appearance, such as the nipple turning inward [2].
In the early stages, breast cancer can cause changes in the lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are small organs that play a crucial role in the immune system. To check the lymph nodes, look for any lump, swelling, or thickening around the underarm or collarbone [2].
While routine self-exams can help people develop a sense of what is normal for them and make it easier to spot any changes that might occur, it's important to note that there is a risk of false results from breast self-exams. This could potentially lead to unnecessary treatment or anxiety, or cause a person to incorrectly assume there is nothing wrong and avoid screening [3].
In summary, ACOG recommends monthly breast self-awareness involving visual and physical checks in multiple positions to help detect any changes that might warrant further clinical evaluation [1]. Regular screenings, as recommended by your doctor, are still crucial for comprehensive breast health care.
[1] American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) [2] BreastCancer.org [3] National Breast Cancer Foundation
- In addition to monthly breast self-awareness exams, it is important to keep up-to-date with immunizations and vaccines for various medical conditions, including some that can increase the risk of breast cancer.
- Science continues to evolve, and new vaccines for breast cancer prevention and treatment may become available in the future.
- As part of health-and-wellness and women's health, regular check-ups with healthcare providers are crucial for menopausal women to discuss ongoing breast cancer risks and screenings.
- Men should also stay informed about breast cancer, as males can develop the condition as well, and early detection can significantly improve prognosis.
- It's important to remember that breast cancer can affect people of all genders, and understanding the signs, symptoms, and risk factors is essential for everyone's health.
