Exploring the link between bipolar disorder and neurodiversity: an investigation into the shared characteristics and implications.
Bipolar disorder, a mental health condition characterized by shifts in mood and energy levels, is increasingly being considered as a form of neurodivergence in recent research and medical literature. Neurodivergence refers to naturally occurring differences in brain function and cognition that affect perception, emotion, and behavior [1][2].
Though traditionally classified as a mood disorder, bipolar disorder shares characteristics with neurodivergence due to atypical brain function. This alignment is particularly evident in terms of how individuals with bipolar disorder experience and process emotions and the world [1].
Many mental health professionals and communities supporting neurodiversity include bipolar disorder within neurodivergent conditions. This perspective can influence the type of support and care offered, emphasizing acceptance and tailored approaches rather than solely focusing on symptom correction [1][5].
Bipolar disorder is associated with episodes of mania or elevated mood, depressive episodes, or "mixed" episodes with manic and depressive symptoms. With appropriate treatment, a person with bipolar disorder can lead a high quality of life.
Neurodiversity is a scientific concept centered on the idea that neurological conditions, such as autism and dyslexia, are not the result of "issues" with the brain. Instead, they are natural variations that should be respected and embraced. Judy Singer first used the term "neurodivergent" in the 1990s to promote a view of autistic people as having a unique way of viewing and interacting with the world [6].
Lifestyle and habit changes, such as eating a healthy diet and exercising, can help alleviate symptoms of bipolar disorder. However, it's crucial to remember that each person's experience with the condition is unique, and what works for one may not work for another.
In some cases, electroconvulsive therapy may be recommended when other treatments are unsuccessful. It's essential to discuss these options thoroughly with healthcare providers to understand their potential benefits and risks.
It's also worth noting that having bipolar disorder can increase the likelihood of a person developing other mental health or neurodivergent conditions, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, ADHD, anxiety, substance misuse disorder, or borderline personality disorder [7].
The inclusion of bipolar disorder as a neurodivergence may be due to the current understanding of its causes, which involve differences in brain functioning and structure. However, classifying bipolar disorder as a neurodiverse condition does not necessarily mean any serious changes to treatment are necessary. A person should continue to work with their doctors and therapists to ensure continued success with their treatment, regardless of whether they identify as neurodiverse or not.
It's important to remember that while the neurodivergent perspective offers a more positive approach to neurodevelopmental conditions, it does not diminish the challenges faced by those living with bipolar disorder. However, it does provide a framework for understanding and supporting individuals with bipolar disorder in a more holistic and compassionate manner.
[1] American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
[2] AMA Journal of Ethics. (2018). Bipolar Disorder as a Neurologic Disorder. Retrieved from https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/bipolar-disorder-neurologic-disorder/2018-06
[3] National Institute of Mental Health. (2020). Bipolar Disorder. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder/index.shtml
[4] National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2020). Neurodiversity. Retrieved from https://www.ninds.nih.gov/about-ninds/what-we-are/neurodiversity
[5] National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2020). Bipolar Disorder. Retrieved from https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Mental-Health-Conditions/Bipolar-Disorder
[6] Singer, J. (2005). Neurodiversity and the social model of disability. In M. A. Remy & A. C. Wilde (Eds.), The neurodiversity reader: Shifting the discourse on neurodiversity (pp. 67-78). New York, NY: Penguin.
[7] National Institute of Mental Health. (2020). Comorbidity: Mental Disorders Co-Occurring With Other Mental Disorders. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/comorbidity-mental-disorders-co-occurring-with-other-mental-disorders/index.shtml
The scientific concept of neurodiversity posits that bipolar disorder, like autism and dyslexia, stems from natural variations in brain function and should be respected and embraced, aligning it with the neurodivergence perspective. With appropriate health-and-wellness practices such as eating a balanced diet and regular exercise, combined with medical treatment, individuals with bipolar disorder can work towards managing their symptoms and maintaining a high quality of life, emphasizing the importance of holistic mental health care.
