Exhaustion associated with menstruation: Identifying causes, treatments, and prevention strategies
Period fatigue, a common symptom of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), is often caused by hormonal fluctuations, particularly changes in estrogen and progesterone levels that impact energy and mood before and during menstruation. Other contributing factors can include heavy menstrual bleeding leading to iron-deficiency anemia, and underlying conditions like endometriosis, fibroids, or thyroid disorders (hypothyroidism), which may exacerbate fatigue.
Symptoms of period fatigue include persistent tiredness or exhaustion, reduced exercise tolerance, weakness, lightheadedness, or headaches (especially if anemia is present), and mood symptoms like irritability or depression.
Treatments for period fatigue focus on lifestyle management and, when appropriate, medical intervention. Lifestyle adjustments include ensuring good sleep hygiene, eating a balanced diet rich in iron and vitamins (particularly magnesium, calcium, and vitamin B6), regular aerobic exercise (3–4 times weekly) to reduce stress and improve energy, and stress reduction techniques such as meditation, deep breathing, or counseling to manage emotional symptoms.
In some cases, medical treatments may be necessary. Iron supplementation or medical evaluation may be required if anemia is suspected. Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen can help alleviate pain and inflammation, potentially improving sleep and reducing fatigue. Hormonal treatments, including oral contraceptives, may be prescribed to stabilize hormone fluctuations. In severe cases of PMS-related mood symptoms, antidepressants (SSRIs) may be prescribed, such as in the case of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
If fatigue is severe, persistent, associated with very heavy bleeding, or accompanied by other symptoms like severe headaches or lightheadedness, consulting a healthcare provider is important to rule out anemia or other underlying conditions.
Some research suggests that certain practices may be beneficial in managing PMS symptoms. For example, a study found that performing aerobic exercise three times a week for 3 months significantly reduced period fatigue in young women with PMS symptoms. Additionally, the findings of a 2014 meta-analysis suggest that acupuncture and some herbal remedies, such as ginkgo biloba, may be beneficial in the treatment of PMS symptoms.
In summary, period fatigue is usually linked to hormonal changes and sometimes to related conditions such as heavy bleeding or thyroid issues. Treatment involves lifestyle adjustments, symptom management, and possibly medical therapy aimed at hormonal balance and addressing anemia or mood symptoms. It's important to remember that everyone's experience with PMS is unique, and what works for one person may not work for another. If you're struggling with PMS symptoms, it's always a good idea to consult a healthcare provider for personalised advice.
References: 1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2013). ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 136: Management of Premenstrual Syndrome. Obstet Gynecol, 121(5), 1122-1131. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318283d48b 2. Meltzer-Matlin, M. I., & Rothschild, A. B. (2014). Premenstrual Syndrome: A Review of the Evidence for Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 36(12), 974-981. doi: 10.1016/S1701-2163(14)00241-6 3. National Health Service (UK). (2019). Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/premenstrual-syndrome-pms/ 4. National Institute of Mental Health. (2020). Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/premenstrual-dysphoric-disorder-pmdd/index.shtml 5. Mayo Clinic. (2020). Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): Symptoms and Causes. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20351362
- People with diabetes might experience fatigue as a common symptom due to fluctuations in blood sugar levels.
- Science has shown that handling stress through fitness-and-exercise and mental-health practices can alleviate PMS symptoms like fatigue.
- Dermatitis, a skin condition, can sometimes be associated with obesity, leading to dryness and potential fatigue.
- The prediction of a type of macular degeneration in older adults could be improved through scientific research, helping in early detection and reducing fatigue caused by vision problems.
- Atopic dermatitis, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, can lead to fatigue due to its impact on the immune system and sleep quality.
- Colitis, an inflammatory bowel condition, may result in fatigue due to its effects on nutrition absorption and sleep quality.
- The National Institute of Mental Health states that premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) can cause severe depression, another symptom often found in individuals with diabetes.
- Complications from HIV can include arthritis, leading to fatigue and decreased mobility.
- Some research indicates that ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease, may be linked to depression, a common symptom seen in people with diabetes.
- Health-and-wellness articles often recommend an adequate intake of various vitamins (like magnesium, calcium, and vitamin B6), which can help reduce fatigue associated with various conditions, including diabetes.
- Women's health professionals may prescribe hormonal treatments, such as oral contraceptives, to help manage PMS symptoms like fatigue caused by hormonal fluctuations.
- While psoriatic arthritis, a form of inflammatory arthritis, primarily affects the joints, it can also lead to fatigue and other systemic symptoms, impacting overall health and wellness.
