Correct Management of Anhydrous Ammonia for Safety
Farmers across Ohio rely on anhydrous ammonia (NH) as a major source of nitrogen for their crops. But dealing with this potent fertilizer requires caution and knowledge to prevent accidents and injuries.
Anhydrous ammonia is corrosive and can cause severe damage to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Its strong affinity for water and fast evaporation mean it can quickly freeze and dehydrate tissue when it comes into contact with the body.
Common Risks and Incidents
Some common scenarios that lead to incidental releases or injuries include overfilling tanks, mishandling hoses, weak undercarriage structures, moving tanks prior to disconnecting hoses, faulty valves, and failing to bleed pressurized NH before connecting or disconnecting hoses. Overturning applicator tanks, external tank overheating, and weak hitch pins or tongues can also pose danger.
A whopping 80% of reported incidents are attributed to improper procedure, lack of knowledge, and disregard for safety precautions. By adhering to safety rules and maintaining equipment, hazardous incidents can be reduced significantly.
Personal Protection
Personal protective equipment (PPE) is crucial in creating a protective barrier between the chemical and the body. Essential PPE for handling anhydrous ammonia includes goggles, chemical-resistant protective clothing, and rubber gloves. It's recommended to use a face shield or approved full-face respirator to protect the eyes and face. Wearing contact lenses should be avoided, as they can trap the gas and cause permanent damage to the eyes.
First Aid and Emergency Measures
In case of exposure, the immediate response is to wash the affected area with water and rinse for at least 15 minutes. Contaminated clothing should be removed carefully, and the skin should be washed with abundant water. Do not apply any substances except water for the first 24 hours, and seek medical attention promptly.
To facilitate emergency situations, it's essential to keep water available for flushing eyes and skin. Each vehicle used for anhydrous ammonia applications should carry a 5-gallon container of clean water, and handlers should carry a squirt bottle of water in their shirt pocket.
Equipment Maintenance
A routine maintenance program should be followed to ensure the tank, valves, and hoses are in good working condition. Equipment should receive a daily visual inspection to locate potential defects, and a regular schedule for maintenance checks should be maintained.
Safety Signs and Labeling Requirements
Federal regulations mandate clear labeling and signs for anhydrous ammonia tanks. The tank must be labeled "ANHYDROUS AMMONIA" in 4-inch letters, with "INHALATION HAZARD" noted in 3-inch lettering. A DOT-approved "NON-FLAMMABLE GAS" placard (identified by numbers 1005) must be placed on both sides and both ends of the tank, along with a Slow Moving Vehicle (SMV) sign. Valves should be labeled by color or legend, with letters at least 2 inches high.
Additional Safety Measures
A variety of additional measures can contribute to safe field practices:
- Keep water readily available.
- Always wear PPE when handling anhydrous ammonia.
- Ensure that a set of PPE is stored in the cab of the tractor and in any vehicle used to transport tanks.
- Follow proper procedures for connecting and disconnecting tanks.
- Work upwind when changing tanks or making repairs.
- Invest in an operator's manual for reference.
- Inspect equipment for damages and repair or replace as necessary.
Safety for Roadway Transport
When transporting anhydrous ammonia on public roadways, operators must be 21 years old and properly maintain the vehicle used for towing. Speed should be limited to 25 mph, and an SMV emblem must be displayed. Personal protective equipment, such as rubber gloves and a container of at least 5 gallons of water, should be carried onboard.
By strictly adhering to safety procedures and using appropriate PPE, farmers can minimize the risks associated with handling anhydrous ammonia, promoting safe and productive farming operations.
[1] Nowatzki, J. (2011). Anhydrous Ammonia: Managing The Risks. Fargo, ND: North Dakota State University.[2] Ohio Administrative Code 4901:2-5-04.
Graphics courtesy of Ohio Department of Agriculture: Summary of Nurse Tank and Tool Bar Requirements.agri.ohio.gov/apps/odaprs/pestfert-PRS-index.aspx
In light of the risks associated with anhydrous ammonia, it's essential to understand its potential effects on health and wellness, primarily its harmful impact on crops, agriculture, skin, eyes, and the respiratory system. To mitigate these risks, safety measures such as maintaining equipment, following proper procedures for handling and storage, and wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) should always be adhered to. Additionally, medical-conditions related to exposure should be addressed promptly, with immediate actions including rinsing the affected area with water for at least 15 minutes and seeking medical attention.
