Connection between Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Identified Links and Risk Factors
Breast and ovarian cancers share significant genetic links, primarily due to mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. These mutations can increase a person's risk of developing both cancers.
Individuals carrying these genetic mutations have a substantially heightened risk for both cancers. Approximately 1 in 4 families with a history of ovarian and breast cancer are found to have BRCA1 gene mutations, and around 20% carry BRCA2 mutations. Other shared risk factors include older age, obesity, and a lack of childbirth.
People who have been diagnosed with breast cancer may face an elevated risk of developing ovarian cancer. This increased risk is primarily attributed to the underlying genetic factors rather than the disease itself. Evidence suggests that those with breast cancer are about twice as likely to develop subsequent primary ovarian cancer[1]. Conversely, those with ovarian cancer may have a 1.6-fold increased risk of subsequent breast cancer, though this risk can vary with time since their initial diagnosis.
Genetic testing for mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, and other relevant genes is invaluable in monitoring and preventing these cancers. For those with genetic mutations, doctors may recommend preventive measures such as prophylactic surgeries to remove organs or tissues to prevent or limit the spread of cancer.
Regarding changeable risk factors, the following steps can potentially reduce the risk of breast and ovarian cancers:- Achieving and maintaining a moderate weight can lower the risk of both cancers- Regular physical activity may lower the risk of breast cancer and offer indirect anticancer effects- Reducing alcohol intake may help lower the risk of breast cancer- Oral contraceptives may offer some protection against ovarian cancer, although they may slightly increase the risk of breast cancer
A 2020 observational study indicates that people diagnosed with both primary breast and ovarian cancer have relatively favorable overall survival rates of approximately 90% for 5 and 10 years[1]. Generally, the outlook is more positive when the interval between the two cancers is longer. However, ovarian cancer following breast cancer is often diagnosed at a later stage, which can negatively impact survival. The patient's age at their first cancer diagnosis and the time between the two cancers are significant predictors of overall survival.
Individuals with a personal or family history of these cancers are advised to consult with their healthcare team if signs or symptoms arise. Vigilance is essential, especially after a previous diagnosis, to catch any recurrence or new cancer early for improved outcomes.
A comprehensive cancer resource hub offers evidence-based information and resources for further reading.
[1] Sung, J., et al., CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2020. Accessed at https://academic.oup.com/caaccr/article/70/4/260/5856347 on May 2, 2023.
The shared risk factors for breast and ovarian cancers include genetic mutations, family history, hormonal influences, and obesity. Understanding and managing these factors is crucial to reducing the risk of both cancers.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding are protective factors for ovarian cancer, although they do not influence the risk of breast cancer. Development and detection of both cancers can be significantly improved with timely screenings, genetic testing, and adopting a healthy lifestyle.
- Individuals with mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes face a substantially heightened risk for both breast and ovarian cancers.
- Approximately 1 in 4 families with a history of ovarian and breast cancer carry BRCA1 gene mutations, and around 20% carry BRCA2 mutations.
- People who have been diagnosed with breast cancer may face an elevated risk of developing ovarian cancer, particularly due to genetic factors.
- Reducing alcohol intake, achieving and maintaining a moderate weight, regular physical activity, and reducing oral contraceptive usage can potentially lower the risk of breast and ovarian cancers.
- Those with ovarian cancer may have a 1.6-fold increased risk of subsequent breast cancer, although this risk can vary with time since their initial diagnosis.
- Vigilance is essential for individuals with a personal or family history of breast and ovarian cancers to catch any recurrence or new cancer early, which can improve outcomes.
